Description of the Hardware
The hardware used Dresden Elektronik radio communication platform described in this wiki can be divided into the following components:
- Radio/microcontroller modules
- Development boards (can also be replaced with a custom board)
- Programmers
- Sniffer (for analyzing communication between the nodes)
Radio/Microcontroller Modules
The Dresden Elektronik radio/MCU modules are small modules consisting of a AVR or ARM based microcontroller with integrated radio. List of all available modules can be seen here.
As of July 2015, three types of Dresden Elektronik Radio/microcontroller modules were available in the institute:
- deRFmega128
- deRFmega256
- deRFarm
| deRFmega128 | deRFmega256 | deRFarm | |
| Chip | ATmega128RFA1 | ATmega256RFR2 | AT91SAM7X512 |
| Datasheet | Link | Link | Link |
| Platform | AVR | AVR | ARM |
| MCU bit width | 8-bit | 8-bit | 32-bit |
| Flash size | 128 kb | 256 kb | 512 kb |
| SRAM size | 16 kb | 32 kb | 128 kb |
| Operating frequency | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 48 MHz |
| Voltage range | 1.8 - 3.6 V | 1.8 - 3.6 V | 1.8 - 3.6 V |
| Radio transceiver | Integrated | Integrated | AT86RF231 |
| Radio frequency | 2.4 GHz | 2.4 GHz | 2.4 GHz |
| Interfaces | JTAG, UART, I2C, ADC, SPI, GPIO | JTAG, UART, I2C, ADC, SPI, GPIO | JTAG, DBGU, I2C, SPI, UART, USB, RMII, GPIO, ADC |
| Power consumption (TX) | 18 mA | 18 mA | 45 mA |
| Power consumption (RX) | 16 mA | 16 mA | 45 mA |
| Power consumption (Sleep) | < 1 µA | < 1 µA | < 250 µA |
The 2.4 GHz transceivers that are used in all modules supports the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC standard. This standard has support for additional network layers like 6LoWPAN and ZigBee. However, it should be noted, that although the ZigBee protocol is theoretically supported by the hardware, it is not supported the Dresden Elektronik's communication stack and thus 6LoWPAN should be used.
Development Boards
Two different development boards are available for the platform:
- deRFnode: Used for network nodes, supports both AVR and ARM based microcontrollers
- deRFgateway: Used for network gateways between IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN and Ethernet networks. In addition to deRFnode functionality, it includes also an Ethernet connector. Supports only ARM based microcontrollers
The boards have following features:
- Measures: 70 x 68 x 33 mm
- Power options: 5V DC / USB / 3 x AA batteries
- Sensors: Temperature / light / acceleration
- I/O: 2 Buttons and 3 LEDs
- On-board storage: 4Mbit flash for firmware updates / user data
- Programming interfaces: Standard JTAG connectors
- Communication interfaces: I2C, SPI, GPIO, ADC, debug interface and UART
- GPIO: 46-pin, almost all chip functions available, including the ones used on the development board
- Networking: Ethernet (deRFgateway ONLY)
A more detailed description of the development boards (including pinouts for different headers) can be found in deRFnode and deRFgateway user manual
